Article Review: the Religious Sources of Islamic Terrorism

1. The article â€Å"The Religious Sources of Islamic Terrorism† by Shmuel Bar takes an inside and out investigate the possible avocations of psychological warfare with respect to religion. In this article, Bar endeavors to recognize the contrasts between the religion of Islam and the obligations related with being a Muslim remembering taking an interest for jihad. The creator clarifies the different contrasts between the thoughts of both the conventional Muslim just as the moderate Muslim. He proceeds to distinguish jihadist-type acts that might be changed if the correct development and execution of rules were set.The key focuses and ideas in this article are: †¢ the clarification of the Islamic religion; †¢ the jihadist development; †¢ the customary versus the moderate Muslim; †¢ the expected methodology to manage radical belief system. 2. The Islam religion isn't one that has unmitigated dismissal for the estimation of human life. It is viewed as a tranq uil religion and ought not be confused similar to a religion that advances fear mongering. Lamentably, there have been various demonstrations of brutality and fear based oppression for the sake of Islam and a surface-instructed individual will accuse the whole religion.Many individuals’ absence of information lead them down a way of speculation and prejudice for the religion itself. The writer of this article works superbly clarifying that it isn't the religion that submits these demonstrations of dread; it is the individual’s understanding of the compositions that radicalize its lessons. 3. The jihadist development is the place a great part of the brutal part of the religion can be gotten from. The conviction is that it is their own obligation inside their religion to battle for their faith.This might be peaceful, for example, an inward battle with one’s profound life. An increasingly physical angle is shown in different structures, for example, the commitment to spread the religion or a progressively rough methodology, battling to shield a once Muslim nation from attack of heathens. The demonstration of jihad in a brutal way commonly is shown by the extreme Islamists whom are progressively centered around the customary and strict implications of the sacred text; thus there exists a contention among them and the conservatives. 4.The thoughts of the conventionalist versus the moderate Muslim are clashing by they way they decipher different lessons of their sacred text. Interest in jihad might be viewed as a commitment because of the involving of such a significant number of nations by non-Muslims; in any case, the possibility that it must be battled with demonstrations of fear remains discussed. The conventionalists will take a progressively strict translation bringing about demonstrations of savagery and dread; despite the fact that this activity will in general have more political thought processes instead of religious.The moderate Musli m battles with the likelihood that their less standard convictions will seem like they are surrendering their religion. Because of the way that the conventionalist is bound to turn to savagery, there is likewise a dread of reprisal against the moderate Muslim. Tragically, with that mindset, the extreme Islamists win. 5. A drawn out technique needs to incorporate thoughts and not really weapons and a lot of rules. The creator clarifies that the arrangement is significantly more profound than the demonstrations they are submitting on the surface.Creating a procedure to conceivably battle a radical, strict belief system appears as if it would be incomprehensible. A long-extend technique that plots the lessons of their religion and spotlights on how psychological warfare is really against their sacred writing could succeed. The creator recognizes the possibility that Western human advancement must investigate and understand that there are a larger number of ways than simply their way. T his acknowledgment, and potentially resistance, could take into consideration an understanding that the two social orders could manage. 6. The writer of this article, Dr.Shmuel Bar, has prominent believability in this topic. As indicated by his memoir on The Intelligence Summit site, Dr. Bar is the Director of Studies at the Institute of Policy and Strategy in Herzliya, Israel. He has additionally held different insight positions inside the Israeli government and headed different research ventures including some for the United States government, as indicated by the Hudson Institute. His scholarly, expert, and individual skill loans him to be a dependable wellspring of information.The just inquiry that might be proposed is, what is his strict alliance? With the degree of his experience and information, this may appear to be a debatable issue; be that as it may, religion depends on almost no rationale. Confidence depends on how one feels, not exactly what one has investigated or has s een. It is an incredible main thrust that is practically difficult to depict. The possibility that influence could be accomplished without really realizing this main impetus is naivety in itself.

Trend Analysis of Financial Statements †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Trend Analysis of Financial Statements. Answer: Presentation This report is introduced to exhibit the dependability and effectiveness of bookkeeping and monetary announcing over the organization. As ASX recorded organization, Blackmores fiscal summaries are assessed regarding budgetary detailing. Data is introduced in dependable and straightforward way to speak to the genuine money related execution of organization. It likewise incorporates the money related proportions investigation to help the proficiency of fiscal report which makes an away from for the presentation of business. Slide 1: Accounting and Financial Reporting Slide 2: Table of Content Slide 3: Presentation Introduction Slide 4: Company Background: Blackmores Blackmores restricted is the one of the top brands in the class of the characteristic wellbeing in Australia. It bargains in different items, for example, minerals, home grown, nutrient and wholesome enhancements. It gives in excess of 250 assortments of nutrient, home grown, minerals and wholesome enhancements. Maurice Blackmore set up the Blackmores constrained in 1930 (Blackmores (2017). The headquarter of Blackmores constrained is in New South Wales, Australia. The Blackmores constrained deals with its business in different nations, for example, China, New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia, Japan, Thailand, Korea, Cambodia, United States, and Macau. Since most recent 8 years, the Blackmores has been winning most confided in brand in the Australia for nutrients and enhancements. Slide 5: Company Background Offer cost is additionally pointer for the money related execution of the organization dependent on the pattern in the stock cost and the administration choices the partners choose to remain or exit from a speculation. The great benefits results to increment in the offer cost of an organization on the opposite side it very well may be said that high offer cost of an organization demonstrated expanded benefits of the organization. From year 2013 to year 2015 the organization was performing normal because of a few takeover choices. In any case, its benefits expanded unexpectedly in 2015-16 because of its entrance in Asian market. So the offer cost is at pinnacle of AUD $217.18 in this timeframe and the choices of the administration is having direct effect on the offer execution as partners relies upon the monetary and bookkeeping data of an organization (BKL AU, 2017). Slide 6: Financial Performance Evaluation of Blackmores From the perception of accounting report, it very well may be expressed that there is an enormous contrast between the advantage of 2016 and 2015 as AUS$2,94,624 and AUS$1,87,844 which can impact the choices of partners. Then again, current liabilities of organization is estimated as AUS$2,53,430 in year 2016 which can likewise a point that the liabilities over the organizations are additionally expanding that additionally have antagonistic effect over the partners to pass judgment on the strength of organization in context advertise. Then again, the liabilities and resources both are expanding with gigantic turn in this way, it very well may be inferred that the market catch procedure brought the effect over the money related information of Blackmore. As far as value, it tends to be derivations that hold financing of business has diminished from AUS$8063 to AUS$5252 M. On the opposite side it is likewise evaluated that the all out value of organization has additionally expanded conc erning year 2015 to 2016. Further, over the pay articulation perception, it tends to be said that the deals of organization has hopped in violent way. With this, net income for the Blackmore has likewise expanded so it shows the palatable execution for the partners to take the confirmed choices. Benefit and misfortune information shows the great execution of organization in year 2016 as contrast with 2015. It is additionally evaluated that the annual taxation rate over the organization has expanded as it would taken the credit from the monetary establishments; it can influence the situation of organization unfavorably. Slide 7: Financial Performance Contd. Over the looking of income, it is caught that acceptable measure of money has been produced from the working exercises however a large portion of it would be balanced in the installment of representatives and providers. Then again, the contributing and financing exercises have produced negative income throughout the year 2016. It is emphatically noticed that money and money equilent has likewise been produce at lower rate as AUS$2191 and expanded up to the AUS$37653. By and large, it has created $100 million benefit for the budgetary year 2016 and it has lurched the development as 115% according to last money related year execution. These information are showing the acceptable money related position forgot about enthusiasm on exercises. Alongside this the, showcase top qualities for the organization has additionally tapped as AUS$1,757,380,000 which is likewise encountered the noteworthy market catch right now. Based on above execution, it is checked on that the investors value has expanded with fast changes. Simultaneously, the rigging proportion has dumped in year 2015 however the year 2016 has encountering great positive reflection over outfitted proportion of Blackmore as the figures are showing. Slide 8: Financial Performance Contd. The above refered to chart is demonstrating the outfitting proportion of Blackmore as it had descending in year 2015 where, it was over 40 and it got somewhere around 10 which isn't useful for the organization. As the development of proportion from the year 2016 it is upward which signs the expanding development of companys equipping execution proportion. Slide 9: Measurement of Key Factors Effect of Convention over Accounting: Accounting shows have critical effect over the bookkeeping evaluation as it impacts by its principles and guidelines of measures to follow while making money related report of execution of business. Resources is impacted by the shows as the organization has indicated the higher resources that it can make difficulties for the partners to establish the real resource for organization as Blackmores has demonstrated enormous distinction between the advantage of 2015 and 2016 which can influence the administration likewise to introduce the proof to the money related announcing expert so as to demonstrate the benefit the executives. Simultaneously, the investors and proprietors value ought to be isolated from the business exchanges. In worry to the show, the board should create the genuine and solid data for the outside partners to allow choice while putting resources into business on the grounds that the information infers the genuine picture for the exhibition of business (Needles, et. al, 2013). Simultaneously, proprietors value ought to be dealt with independently from the business to evaluate the situation of business. Alongside this, the show of consistency ought to be taken into bookkeeping while at the same time setting up the budget reports as it basic to follow the standards and technique to introduce the bookkeeping data in successful way. Administrative Judgment: Materiality show is legitimately connected to the administration judgment that implements the bookkeeper the board to think about the norm while surveying and introducing the data in genuine way. Pertinence of Information: It is critical to consider the importance of data with the presentation of business as the demonstrated diagram shows about the huge exhibition of business, it ought to be identified with the specific data since it may weakens the partners, for example, deals of business has expanded (V. 2011). Unwavering Presentation: Faithful introduction of money related execution prompts the dependability of companys nearness in context showcase. Along these lines, adhering to the bookkeeping gauges, it ought not make any blunder and exclusion to assessing the suitability of organization. Slide 10: Financial Ratio Analysis Productivity proportions: These sorts of proportions show the money related execution of organization concerning the deals of organization and how much benefit is created by firm. Monetary proportion investigation is as per the following Net Profit Margin =Gross Profit/Revenue (Tracy, 2012) = 143411/599485*100 = 23.92% Net Profit Ratio= Net benefit/Revenue = 100020/599485*100 = 16.67% Proficiency proportions: This money related proportion gauges the productivity of organization to deal with the separation proportion that predicts the expense of merchandise sold and normal stock Stock Turnover = Cost of Sales/Average Inventory = 272917/47852 = 5.70% Absolute Asset Turnover = Net Sales Average Total Assets (Brigham and Houston, 2012) = 495468/363715 = 1.36% Liquidity proportions: Liquidity of firm is surveyed over the present proportion and fast proportion assessment. Survey the capacity of the firm to oversee working capital and its capacity to pay its transient obligations without running. Current proportion = Current resource/Current Liability = 294,624/192,279 = 1.53% Basic analysis proportion = Current resource Inventories/Current Liabilities = 294624-116,486/192279 = 0.93% (Drake and Fabozzi, 2012) Equipping proportions: Assess the drawn out capital structure of the business Obligation proportion = Total obligation/Total resource = 17,793/434,023 = 0.041 Value proportion = Shareholders reserves/Total resource = 1,78,263/434023 = 0.41 or 41% As far as the general amounts of obligation and value capital Financial specialist proportions: This sort of proportion shows the investors about the exhibition of organization to compare the obligation to value and market obligation of organization inside explicit time term. Profit per share (EPS) = Net salary Preferred profits/Share gave remarkable = 100,020 6285/17225 = 5.44 Value Earnings Ratio = Market Price per Share Earnings per Share = 119.57/5.76 =20.72% The above broke down proportion demonstrates the great monetary situation of organization over the presentation of Blackmores in year 2016 as contrast with the year 2015. In worried to the flat examination of organization, it is introduced to gauge the money related execution of organization with reference the Bellamy's Australia Limited which likewise bargains in the customer staples (Businessinsider, 2017). Over the correlation of flat examination of Blackmore and Bellamy, it very well may be presumed that the both of organizations are developing with rap

Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Panic Disorder

Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Treatment Print Psychotherapy for Treating Panic Disorder By Sheryl Ankrom linkedin Sheryl Ankrom is a clinical professional counselor and nationally certified clinical mental health counselor specializing in anxiety disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Sheryl Ankrom Updated on September 17, 2019 BSIP/UIG/Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions Psychological interventions are often used for the treatment of panic disorder. Some common interventions that are thought to be beneficial in reducing ?panic attacks and agoraphobic symptoms include: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) focuses on the importance of both behavioral and thought processes in understanding and controlling anxiety and panic attacks. The focus of treatment is on inadequate, obstructive, and damaging behaviors and irrational thought processes that contribute to the continuation of symptoms. For example, uncontrolled worrying (thoughts) about what may or may not happen if you have a panic attack may lead to avoiding certain situations (behavior). CBT has been scientifically studied for the treatment of panic disorder. Research has suggested that this form of treatment is effective in alleviating many of the symptoms of panic and anxiety. If using CBT techniques, expect to work on changing thoughts and behaviors for quick results in increased ability to control your symptoms.   Cognitive Behavior Modification Donald Meichenbaum, Ph.D., is a psychologist noted for his contributions to cognitive behavioral therapy. He developed cognitive behavior modification (CBM), which focuses on identifying dysfunctional self-talk in order to change unwanted behaviors. Meichenbaum views behaviors as outcomes of our own self-verbalizations. Panic disorder, agoraphobia or other anxiety disorders often result in certain thought patterns and behaviors that may hinder recovery. But, if you change your thoughts, how you react to anxiety-provoking situations will likely change too. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is a cognitive behavioral technique developed by Albert Ellis, Ph.D. REBT is known to be effective for the treatment a variety of anxiety disorders. The cognitive and behavioral techniques used in REBT have demonstrated effectiveness in treating panic disorder. Considered the grandfather of CBT, Ellis developed his technique to teach his patients to detect and dispute “irrational beliefs” or negative thoughts that he believed were causing their psychological problems. Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Therapy (PFPP) Panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy is a form of treatment for panic disorder based on certain psychoanalytic concepts. In general, these concepts assume that people are defined by early human experiences and that unconscious motives and psychological conflicts are at the core of current behavior. The unconscious mind, or subconscious, is a hiding place for painful emotions. Defense mechanisms keep these painful emotions hidden, but if these painful emotions can be brought in to the conscious mind, they can be dealt with and the symptoms of panic disorder and associated behaviors can be eliminated or reduced. Group Therapy According to the American Psychiatric Association, the benefits of group therapy may include: Decreasing shame and stigma by providing experiences with others who have similar symptoms and difficulties;Providing opportunities for modeling, inspiration, and reinforcement by other group members; andProviding a naturally-occurring exposure environment for patients who fear having panic symptoms in social situations. Couples and Family Therapy The symptoms of panic disorder can affect relationships among family members or significant others. Family therapy to address the dependency needs of the panic sufferer, support issues, communication, and education may be beneficial as an adjunct treatment. It is not recommended that family therapy be the sole therapeutic intervention for those with panic disorder. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Swot Analysis of Healthcare Organizations - 1454 Words

SWOT Analysis of Health Care Organizations Denise Brown-Blanchard Walden University Strategic Planning and Marketing HLTH - 4115 - 1 Dr. Don Ciulla March 18, 2012 SWOT Analysis of Health Care Organizations Provide a brief summary of the location, services, and activities of your chosen health care organization. Barnes-Jewish Hospital is located at One Barnes-Jewish Hospital Plaza in St. Louis Missouri. It is the largest hospital in the state and employs the most people of any other company in the surrounding area. Two hospitals, Barnes Hospital, and The Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, merged in 1996 to create the facility of today. The hospital has been awarded many prestigious titles throughout its operation for†¦show more content†¦Many patients’ lives have been saved and improved, due to the staff’s cutting edge innovative ideas for treatment. The rest of the services offered at Barnes-Jewish Hospital are all equally stunning in the quality of care provided to patients. Patrons can be sure to receive the most up-to-date care and will be attended by some of the best staff in the country. The hospital is dedicated in extending their outreach programs and providing services to the surrounding community (Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 1997-2012). Describe its service area in te rms of current population, future population, competitors, and major environmental influences that will affect its operations 5 years from now. Barnes-Jewish Hospital services a mostly white population. Whites make up a massive 77.7% of the hospital’s service area with the minorities of African Americans at 18.4%, 3.5% for Asians, 2.3% Hispanic, and the remaining 1.6% is a mix of other races. A mere 5% of the patients who go to Barnes-Jewish require an interpreter. According to the 2010 Census, females make up 51.6% of St. Louis’ population compared to 50.7% in the United States overall and males make up 48.4% of St. Louis compared to the U.S. average of 49.3% (Stlrcga.org, 2012). 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Poetry Version Of Annabel Lee - 911 Words

Prose Version of Annabel Lee According to biography.com, Edgar Allan Poe is a well-known â€Å"American writer, critic and editor Edgar Allan Poe is famous for his tales and poems of horror and mystery†¦Ã¢â‚¬ In one of his poems, Annabel Lee, Poe implies how all fairy tales doesn t have a happy ending. â€Å"Annabel Lee is an ingenious, yet dreadful memories of a young woman named Annabel Lee. In this poem, like any other poems, Poe used language rich in imagery and emotions to capture the interest of his intended audiences. Poe also used many different poetic elements such as repetition, metaphor, and hyperbole to convey his message to his intended audience. The prose version of this poem diminishes the emotions that the original version contained. Pose often tends to not have poetic elements, which make it less appealing to the reader compared to poems. Emotions are what most authors equivalent to Poe rely on to relate and engross the attention of their audience. One of Poe s main points of the poem w as that love doesn t always have a happy ending; as audience, we know that loving Annabel Lee is what makes the speaker who he is, yet loving Annabel Lee is what torment him and leaved him hopeless. Stanzas four and five interested me the most; as Poe reached toward stanzas four and five he approaches the dark and dangerous side of love. In Stanzas four and five Poe illustrates the treacherous side of love. Stanza four illustrates how devastating the death of Annabel was for theShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe1245 Words   |  5 Pagesstories but the one I chose was â€Å"Annabel Lee†. This poem was written in 1849 which was a long time ago. Even though this poem is centuries old, it is still a well known poem. This whole project includes a biography, literary movement, and a explication about the poem. The biography includes where Poe grew up and how his lifestyle were. Through research and sources, I found out that Poe lived a hard life. 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Technology Making Our Lives Easier Free Essays

As we are raised in a society where everything is simply handed to us, we tend to take many things for granted that others in the world do not have. Things like GPS, phones, credit cards, cameras, and insulin pumps help us live a qualitative and productive life and NASA has played a very key role in developing many technologies like these. From invisible braces to long-distance communication devices, NASA has brought up inventions that we consistently use every day in our lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Making Our Lives Easier or any similar topic only for you Order Now A device that many people in the world rely on everyday and something that has made a huge difference in people’s lives is the water filtration system(s). NASA first made it to be used on the space station or in a spacecraft, and since then the water filtration system is a must-have in any place in the world. NASA showed amazing ingenuity to control bacterial contamination in space, and because of that, we have learned how to control pollutants in water here on earth. We see water filtration systems more than we think, and it allows us to enjoy a healthy lifestyle. Whether it’s through swimming pools or manufacturing processes, the water filtration systems affects our lives every day in a positive way. There are many different types of water filters and you can classify them by the way they work, but they all need to do one job and that’s effectively filter and purify water. One type of a water filtration system is the reverse osmosis, which is the process of removing dissolved inorganic solids out of a solution (water). This type of system involves using many different filters and membranes in order to purify and improve the drinking quality of water. There are also ultraviolet systems which do a remarkable job at disinfecting water. Ultraviolet systems can destroy 99. 99% of harmful microorganisms in the water very effectively and they do this by using a lamp or bulb which emits UV light which is then used as energy to attack the microorganism in the water and essentially destroy it, thus making the water free of future bacteria. There are many other type of systems like the Carefree Clearwater systems (which are based on NASA’S late 1900’s technology) which are not only used for drinking water in the home, but also for pool and shower water. These type of large-scale systems clean the water in a pool or hot-tub by using the same type of strategy as the UV systems. They release ions like copper and silver to destroy bacteria and algae in the system. These type of systems would work better than cleaning with chlorine because they have less nwanted side effects like burning eyes and bleached skin or hair (due to the copper and silver ions not dissipating from heat and sunlight, unlike chlorine) and they are more stable and productive to work with. Water filtration systems affect our lives everyday throughout everything we do. Without them, clean and purified water would be difficult to come across, and civilization would eventually come to a halt. Whether it’s the water that we drink or the pool that we love to swim in, systems like the reverse osmosis and the Carefree Clearwater are at work and doing an incredible job in order to make our daily lives healthy and enjoyable. How to cite Technology Making Our Lives Easier, Essay examples

The Company a Cross

Introduction The Company A that produces engine components for heavy-duty trucks can try to enter Japanese market because this country has a great industrial capacity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Company a Cross-Cultural Marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, various companies may be interesting in purchasing the spare parts that improve the work of truck engines. By establishing its reputation in this country, the Company A can significantly increase its revenues. However, the marketing strategies of this organization should take into account the values, perceptions, and behavior of Japanese customers in order to succeed. To a great extent, they are determined the culture of this country. This American company should be aware of possible differences in order to gain trust and loyalty of the local clients. Cross-cultural issues and their impact on the marketing approach There are several cro ss-cultural issues that may affect the Company A’s marketing strategies. One of them is the attitude toward quality and price. The thing is that for many Japanese buyers, the perceived value of a product is the main determinant of its success or failure (Herbig, 1998, p. 206). Advertisements should demonstrate what kind of benefits a product can create for clients. Such an aspect as the price should not be emphasized. More importantly the reduction of the price can be associated with poor quality of the product (Herbig, 1998, p. 206). Such an interpretation can ruin the reputation of any business, especially if it is a company that manufactures components for truck engines.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, the marketing strategy of the Company A should focus on the features of the product such as reliability or safety, rather than the price. Furthermore, they can mention that their products can save much money for their clients, but they should say that their engine components are cheaper than those ones manufactured by their competitors. Certainly, one cannot say that Japanese customers complete neglect such a factor as price. They can compare prices when choosing among similar products. Yet, they can become suspicious when a company places too much emphasis on price in order to differentiate their products or services among others. In this way, a company may easily lose competitive advantage to other firms. Hence, this is one of the dangers that the management of the Company A should be aware of. Another issue that can influence the marketing approach is the attitude toward buyers and sellers. In Japanese culture selling is not perceived as a highly respected activity (Herbig, 1998, p. 161). To some degree, this opinion can be explained by the ideology of Confucius who believed that merchants represented the lowest classes of society (Her big, 1998, p. 161). Surely, one can disagree with this argument but it still affects the relationship between buyers and sellers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Company a Cross-Cultural Marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sales people are supposed the serve customers without trying to dictate their terms. So, in Japan, buyers occupy a higher position in the social hierarchy. From a practical point of view, it means that the Company A will have to pay much more attention to the needs of the clients. For example, they will have to offer customers better after-sale services and ensure that the engine components that they produce perform well. For example, they may even call buyers and ask if their products function properly and if there are any concerns that customers may raise. Surely, some American companies also act in such a way when they operate in the United States, but such behavior is a common s tandard in Japan, because it is essential for the sustainability of sellers and manufacturers. Additionally, this organization should know that their marketing strategy should be based on individualized approach. Their Japanese clients can be either corporate or individual, but in each case, they will want to learn more about their suppliers and establish more close relations with them. For instance, the management of the Company A should know that Japanese clients attach more importance to face-to-face communication. Admittedly, in Japan business partners can use phones or email, but the most important decisions are usually discussed in person. Overall, they should bear in mind that selling can take much more time in Japan, especially in comparison with the United States or Europe. Perhaps, the most dangerous error is to ask Japanese customers to sign a contract during the first round of negotiations. The most likely outcome is that buyers will refuse to have any relations with a f oreign company. Therefore, the Company A should avoid this pitfall, if they want to gain the trust of Japanese clients.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is quite possible to argue that patience will be essential during negotiations with customers. On the whole, one should remember that Japanese customers value personalized services, and this is the reason why many foreign firms cannot win their loyalty only by offering them lower prices (Lamb, 2011, p. 125). The clients of the Company A can be either individuals or organizations that own heavy-duty tracks. In each case, this organization must make sure that clients always have the opportunity to talk with the representatives of the company. This is why this organization will have to open its offices in different parts of Japan so that they could contact customers as quickly as possible. Thus, this company will have to consider such aspect of marketing as distribution of products. They should also adopt a direct selling model. This means that there should not be any mediators between them and their clients. This issue is particular important for businesses like the Company A. They manufacture engine components, and they will have to explain the advantages of their products. This task can be better done when a customer can communicate with the representatives of the company, rather than external distributers who may not know much about the product and its strengths. Cross-cultural communication and its effect on marketing strategies The second issue that the management of the Company A should consider is communication in Japanese culture. As it has been said before, sellers have a lower status than buyers in Japanese culture. Thus, companies should use a more formal language when communicating with customers. This issue is particularly important when we are speaking about promotion and advertising. For instance, it is not polite to urge customers to buy products. One can mention that in their advertisements many American or European companies claim their products are of superior quality and that they will certainly appeal to the buyers. On the whole, the Comp any A should not use such a method of persuasion because it will produce the opposite results. It is quite probably that customers will completely disregard their products. Secondly, the management of this organization should remember that Japanese customers expect sellers to communicate with them in person. For instance, if a certain business is not able to deliver the products on time, the representatives of this company should pay a personal visit to the client and explain everything. It is not sufficient to give a phone call or send an email (Herbig, 1998, p. 163). Such behavior can be interpreted as lack of politeness. These examples show that Japanese customers may determine the value of a product in a slightly different way. They pay attention not only to its quality, price, or functionality; they are also concerned with the services that a seller can offer. Provided that they are absent, even the most generous offer can be declined. Thus, the company should not separate prod ucts from services; instead they should be regarded as a single entity. Only in this way, they can achieve success in this market. Thus, the quality of pre-sales and after-sales services can be of the crucial importance for the Company A. Ethics differences and marketing Another aspect that one should not overlook is the ethical differences in marketing. Certainly, one cannot speak about the difference in moral standards. In this case, the values of individuals play a more important role. One should keep in mind that Japanese culture is characterized by a higher degree of uncertainty and risk avoidance. This means that people are less likely to take the decisions that can potentially do harm to the group, for instance, a company (Hein, 2011, p. 16). In contrast, American culture is more tolerant risk. This is why American and Japanese business partners may fail to reach an agreement. Even, if this risk is extremely low, American companies should not expect that their Japanese partne rs will easily take important decisions. Such behavior is viewed as unethical in Japan. This idea has several important implications for the Company A. First, the management of this business should know they may have to hold many negotiations with the same customer. At the beginning Japanese clients can be skeptical about the products of the Company A, and they should be ready for such an attitude. Secondly, one can assume that the components manufactured by the Company A will be purchased mostly by other organizations that own heavy-duty trucks. It is quite possible that the decision to buy or not to buy the components for engine can be discussed with many managers of the company. The thing is that in Japanese organizations the power distance between employees is longer than in the United States (Hein, 2011, p. 17). Sometimes, taking initiatives or independent decisions can be regarded as disrespect for authority, and this form of behavior is not ethically acceptable in Japan (Hein , 2011, p. 17). In other words, employees can be unwilling to take decisions without the permission of top management. Thus, American businesses such as the Company A should be patient when conducting negotiations. Overall, it will be necessary to convince the customers the use of these engine components will not do any harm. Only then, they should speak about the advantages of their products. Risk aversion of Japanese clients can be the main challenge that they will have to overcome. Furthermore, Japanese culture emphasizes loyalty to the group (Hein, 2011, p. 17). Its interests have to be the main priority for an individual. This premise may be the most important element of Japanese culture. In turn, American and European cultures attach more importance to individualism. This ethical norm affects business culture of this country. In Japan, the actions that are driven only by personal interests and needs can be condemned from an ethical point of view. This is why the Company A shou ld stress the idea that their products can create benefits for the groups, for instance, the company, its employees, and other stakeholders such as community. This approach can make their products more appealing to the clients. Additionally, Japanese culture attaches more importance to long-term development. The pursuit of quick results and short-term profits can be condemned from an ethical point of view. This issue can be also relevant to the Company A. While advertising their products, they should stress the idea their products and service can contribute to the long-term development of their Japanese partners. For example, they can say that their components for engines can save time, effort, and money for their customers in the long term. More importantly, they should not overemphasize the price of their products, because the low price can be associated with poor quality. Conclusion Overall, this discussion shows that every organization that attempts to enter a foreign market sho uld consider the cultural environment in which it will operate. Failure to do can ruin the most sophisticated marketing strategy. The hypothetical company that has been discussed should pay attention to such issues as personalized services and emphasis on the quality of the products, rather than its price. Secondly, they company should focus on pre-sales and after-sales services since many Japanese clients value those companies that show concern about the well-being of their clients. Finally, they should be ready that selling can become more time-consuming because of the ethical norms and value system adopted in Japan. Thus, cultural differences can have significant implications for the marketing strategies of this hypothetical company. Reference List Hein, N. (2011). Japanese Cultural Concepts and Business Practices as a Basis for  Management and Commerce Recommendations. Munich: GRIN Verlag. Herbig, P. (1998). Handbook of Cross-Cultural Marketing. New York: International Busines s Press. Lamb, C. (2011). Marketing. London: Cengage Learning. This essay on The Company a Cross-Cultural Marketing was written and submitted by user Joy Hansen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.